Micelle: Definition, Structure and Role in Cosmetic Cleansing

What Is a Micelle?

A micelle is an aggregate of surfactant molecules formed in an aqueous solution. Surfactants contain a hydrophilic (water-loving) part and a lipophilic (oil-loving) part.

In a typical micelle, the hydrophilic portions face the surrounding water, while the lipophilic portions are oriented towards the interior of the structure.

How Do Micelles Form?

Micelles begin to form when the concentration of a surfactant in water reaches its critical micelle concentration (CMC). Below this concentration, surfactant molecules are mainly present individually at interfaces or dissolved in the solution.

Above the CMC, additional surfactant molecules increasingly form micelles.

Micelles in Cosmetic Cleansing Products

Micelles are particularly important in cleansing formulations such as:

• Micellar waters
• Facial cleansers
• Makeup removers
• Shampoos
• Other surfactant-based cleansing products

The lipophilic part of the micelle can interact with sebum, makeup, oils and other hydrophobic impurities, while the hydrophilic exterior allows the resulting structure to remain dispersed in water. This helps the impurities to be removed during cleansing.

Micelles and Micellar Water

Micellar water contains surfactants that can form micelles in an aqueous formulation. When applied to the skin with a cotton pad, the micellar structures can interact with oils and other impurities and help lift them from the skin surface.

The cleansing performance and sensory properties depend on the type and concentration of surfactants used in the formulation.

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