Tudástár
The antibacterial activity of Eucalyptus globulus leaf extract was determined for 56 isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, 25 isolates of Streptococcus pyogenes, 12 isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae and seven isolates of Haemophilus influence obtained from 200 clinical specimens of patients with respiratory tract disorders. Leaves contain 70-80% eucalyptol (cineol). Also includes terpineol, sesquiterpene alcohols, aliphatic aldehydes, isoamyl alcohol, ethanol, terpenes. Tannin is not so copious in the leaves as of many other Eucalyptus species. The kino, containing 28,7% kino tannin and 47,9% catechin contains the very antibiotic citriodourol. Fresh leaves contain caffeic and gallic acids, dry leaves, ferulic and gentisic, and quercetol, quercitrine, rutin, and a mixture of quercetol hyperoside and glaucoside. N-titriacontan-16, 18-dione was identified as the compound responsible for antioxidant activity in the leaf wax.
(CAS: 84625-32-1/EINECS: 283-406-2)
Skin scrub agents or body polishers are solid materials from natural origin (fine powder of seeds or shells of different vegetables), or are obtained by chemical synthesis (tiny beads of styrene or polyethylene). When the scrub agent–containing body-cleansing product is rubbed or massaged onto the skin, fine solid particles remove superficial skin horny layer by mechanical abrasion, leaving behind a fresh, smooth skin surface.
They are the easiest additives for the consumer to perceive. Scrubbing particles can be suspended in liquid body cleanser thanks to structuring polymers like xanthan gum or carrageenan, which build a viscoelastic network in the surfactant matrix. The scrubbing agent must be carefully selected when formulating facial cleansers. The skin on the face is more sensitive or delicate than that of the rest of the body. For facial application, the formulator should orientate his choices towards, e.g., soft clays or melting jojoba beads.
Source: Handbook of Cosmetic Science and Technology - André O. Barel, Marc Paye, Howard I. Maibach
An emulsion is a mixture of two or more liquids that are normally immiscible (unmixable or unblendable) owing to liquid-liquid phase separation. Emulsions are part of a more general class of two-phase systems of matter called colloids. The word "emulsion" comes from the Latin word emulgere, which means "to milk out". This is because milk is an emulsion of fat and water.
Emulsions are often used in cosmetics, food, and pharmaceuticals. In cosmetics, emulsions are used in a variety of products, such as lotions, creams, and sunscreens. They are also used in food, such as mayonnaise and salad dressing. In pharmaceuticals, emulsions are used to deliver drugs to the body.
Emulsions are dispersions of liquid droplets in a liquid or semi-solid matrix. If the droplets consist of oil dispersed in an aqueous liquid, they are called oil-in-water (o/w) emulsions, while water-in-oil (w/o) emulsions are water disperse in an oil matrix. Elegant emulsion-based cosmetic formulations can be prepared by incorporating oils using a balanced surfactant system based on non-ionic surfactants, such as polyglycerol esters, fatty alcohol ethoxylates, monoglycerides, sucrose and sorbitan esters, polymers or combinations of emulsifiers and stabilisers. The surfactant system associates primarily with either the oil or aqueous phase but has sufficiently balanced polarity to reside at the interface between the two phases. Thus the surfactant system stabilises the interface and allows two phases to exist as a stable emulsion. This is achieved by stabilising the aqueous (hydrophilic) and oil (lipophilic) components together as an emulsion formulation using the hydrophilic–lipophilic balance (HLB) system.
Source: Cosmetic Formulation Principles and Practice - Heather A.E. Benson, Michael S. Roberts, Vânia Rodrigues Leite-Silva, Kenneth A. Walters
Ectoin is a skin conditioner and also functions as a stabiliser. The skin is exposed to numerous stress factors. The better the cells can cope with the stress, the more intensive is the protection of the skin. Ectoin is a natural, active substance with very good membrane and cell protection properties and these are reasons why it is used widely in the cosmetics industry today. It has been shown to some extent that ectoin helps protect skin from UVA damage.
(CAS: 96702-03-3/EINECS:not found)
The CTFA dictionary defines emollients as: ‘‘cosmetic ingredients which help to maintain the soft, smooth and pliable appearance of the skin; emollients function by their ability to remain on the skin surface or in stratum corneum to act as lubricant, to reduce flaking, and to improve the skin’s appearance.’’ Emollients are also described as refatting additives or refatteners in the case of bath products. The word refattener refers to substances improving the lipid content of the upper layers of the skin; they prevent defatting and drying out of the skin. Several emollients showing strong lipophilic character are identified as occlusive ingredients; they are fatty/oily materials that remain on the skin surface and reduce transepidermal water loss. The CTFA dictionary defines occlusives as: ‘‘cosmetic ingredients which retard the evaporation of water from the skin surface; by blocking the evaporative loss of water, occlusive materials increase the water content of the skin.’’
Overall, emollients and refatteners are oils and fats derived from natural origins or obtained by chemical synthesis; they are classified in nonpolar (paraffins and isoparaffins) and polar substances (esters and triglycerides); their chemical structure influences the interaction with the skin surface and affects their sensorial properties. As a class, they comprise lipids, oils and their derivatives, fatty acid esters, lanolin derivatives, and silicones and their organofunctional derivatives. Originally, emollients were developed for use in leave-on skin care products; formulation technology can aid the deposition of refatting additives on the skin from wash-off products and avoid that they rinse off with the surfactants; nevertheless, the large dilution factor in both products remains a significant hurdle for skin end benefit perception (except in bath oils).
Emollients and refatteners will provide after feel, but will also influence skin feel during usage, foam feel, and most of the time foam quantity and quality. The more hydrophobic the refattening additive, the more negative its impact on flash foam generation, foam quantity, and stability. In other respects, the more lipidic the material, the better its skin substantivity, and the easier the efficacy documentation; proof and substantiation of claims is of more and more importance in the frame of the Sixth Amendment of European legislation for cosmetics and toiletries.
Source: Handbook of Cosmetic Science and Technology - André O. Barel, Marc Paye, Howard I. Maibach
European List of Notified Chemical Substances, that is, the list of substances marketed as of 18 September 1981 and notified under Directive 67/548/EEC. The latest edition of the ELINCS List can be consulted from https://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/
c33bef79-ce30-43ab-accd-d596341cddff.
Source: https://ec.europa.eu/
Diazolidinyl urea is primarily an antibacterial preservative, with activity against moulds but fairly weak anti-yeast activity. It has been widely used in many markets since its introduction in the 1980s. It is classified as a formaldehyde donor.
Diazolidinyl urea is highly water-soluble and should be added to the product at temperatures below 40°C to avoid decomposition. It retains its activity over a broad pH range, from pH 3 to 9. Typical use concentrations are 0.1–0.3%. Diazolidinyl urea is permitted in many territories, with restrictions.
Source: Cosmetic Formulation Principles and Practice - Heather A.E. Benson, Michael S. Roberts, Vânia Rodrigues Leite-Silva, Kenneth A. Walters
It is a curious fact, but there are no legal definitions of natural and this provides much subject for debate and litigation as law enforcement agencies argue interpretation with marketers of products placed onto the market.
We would define natural as any material that is harvested, mined, or collected, and which may have subsequently been washed, decolorized, distilled, fractionated, ground, milled, separated, or concentrated to leave a chemical or chemicals that would be available and detectable in the original source material. It is also the modification of natural material by the action of microorganisms, enzymes, or yeasts to modify or increase the yield of material by this process.
Naturally derived materials are defined by the use of a natural raw material as the starting point in a chemical process to produce a newchemical or chemicals that in themselves may not be available in nature or in the starting material.
Nature identical material is a substance that has been produced synthetically, not usually from a natural starting material, to produce a material that is identical to that naturally occurring in nature.
The concept of 'natural' is complex and lacks a universal definition. However, an ISO standard for natural ingredients has been established.
ISO 16128-2:2017 describes approaches to calculate natural, natural origin, organic and organic origin indexes that apply to the ingredient categories defined in ISO 16128‑1. This document also offers a framework to determine the natural, natural origin, organic and organic origin content of products based on the ingredient characterization.
ISO 16128 provides guidelines on definitions and criteria for natural and organic cosmetic ingredients and products. These guidelines are specific to the cosmetics sector, taking into account that most existing approaches written for the agricultural and food sector are not directly transferrable to cosmetics. They apply scientific judgment and offer principles towards a consistent logical framework for natural and organic cosmetic ingredients and products incorporating common approaches employed in existing references. The purpose of these guidelines is to encourage a wider choice of natural and organic ingredients in the formulation of a diverse variety of cosmetic products to encourage innovation.
Source: The internal and external use of medicinal plants - Anthony C. Dweck, FLS, FRSC, FRSH and iso.org
Dead Sea Mud. The thermal baths of the Dead Sea are contemporary to Great King Solomon. Their reputation of efficacy spread throughout the Antique world. Cleopatra imported salts from the Dead Sea for her beauty care. The Dead Sea is situated 400 meters below sea level. The water of the rivers that flow into it cannot flow out. It concentrates, evaporates, then progressively deposits treasures such as mineral salts and organic sediments eroded from the Judean Mounts. The salinity of the Dead Sea is thus 10 times higher than that of any other sea. Today, many countries encourage their citizens suffering from psoriasis or arthritis to make a stay at the thermal baths of the Dead Sea as the mud and salts bring relief from these distressing conditions. The much sought-after salts and mud are also quite famous for their remineralizing and purifying properties. The mud is highly recommended for seborrheic skin or skin suffering from acne, and Dead Sea mud is very efficient for skin care, to deep cleanse and also to be used to relieve painful joints. The black mud, rich in minerals, is composed of layers of clay sediments constituted as millennia passed. The concentration in minerals is high. The mud contains natural exfoliating agents with an action that purifies and tones the skin. As a result, the skin is more supple and smoother. In a mask, the mud can be used to balance and smooth the skin. The skin is cleaned in depth and as a result ends up nourished and better hydrated. In scrubs, it provides a light lifting to leave the skin fresh and revitalized. On the hair, in a mask or in a shampoo, it is used to clean the hair, get rid of excess sebum and rebalance the scalp. In products designed for body, it is said to favor cellular exchanges and slimming and helps to improve the elasticity of the skin. As the figure gets thinner, the skin breathes. Ideal for anti-stress cures or after birth, around the joints and to relieve pains. The salts of the Dead Sea bring a calming and relaxing effect. In a bath, they enable the body to feel well and are an ideal solution for body tiredness, muscular or nervous tension. In cosmetics, the salts purify, cleanse and remineralize the skin for a progressive come back to a healthy and supple aspect. Their beneficial aspect is furthermore improved when associated with warm applications of Dead Sea mud.
Source: Dweck, Anthony. Handbook of Natural Ingredients (Dweck Books 4)
Dextrin. White dextrins are prepared by heating dry starch in the presence of an acid at a temperature generally below 150°C. The statement "ADI not specified" means that, on the basis of the available data (toxicological, biochemical, and other), the total daily intake of the substance, arising from its use or uses at the levels necessary to achieve the desired effect and from its acceptable background in food, does not, in the opinion of the Committee, represent a hazard to health. For this reason, and for the reasons stated in individual evaluations, the establishment of an acceptable daily intake (ADI) in mg/kg bw is not deemed necessary.
Source: Dweck, Anthony. Handbook of Natural Ingredients (Dweck Books 4) . Dweck Data.
European Inventory of Existing Chemical Substances. An official inventory published on 15 June, 1990, that enumerates and describes the chemicals on the market of the European Union between January 1, 1971 and September 18, 1981 and identifies the chemicals being exempted of the mandatory 'precommercialisation' notification. The EINECS Inventory can be searched from different online sources including from the Publication Office of the European Commission.
Source: https://ec.europa.eu/
Abyssinian kale is a herbaceous annual plant that grows 1 to 1.5 m in height. It is native to the Mediterranean. From there it has spread through Southwest Asia and Western Europe. It grows today in many parts of the world.
Botanical characteristics: stem branched with approximately 30 side stems; inflorescence racemose, flowers numerous, small, white, tetramerous; fruits small, with 1 seed; seeds round, greenish white, 1 to 3 mm in diameter.
Abyssinian kale seeds contain approximately 30% oil. The fatty acid composition of triglycerides is defined by a high content of long-chain C20-24 fatty acids, i.e. gondoic, behenic, erucic and nervonic acids. Abyssinian kale oil is stable against oxidation. The oil has a light-yellow colour and a weak nutty odour.
Given its fatty acid composition, there is no suitable substitute for Abyssinian kale oil among other vegetable oils. It is classified into a special group of vegetable oils defined by long-chain fatty acids, together with broccoli, meadowfoam and rapeseed oils.
Long-chain fatty acids give Abyssinian kale oil its good slip and spreadability, which makes it a suitable cosmetic ingredient for the cleansing and care of the hair, which in turn should become shiny, easy to comb and manageable. Abyssinian kale oil has good potential for use in decorative cosmetics, particularly in lip products, where slip and spreadability properties are also desired. The oil may also be incorporated into skin care products for its emollient function.
Source: Modern Cosmetics - Dr. Damjan Janeš and Dr. Nina Kočevar Glavač
It has been popular for its cooling, soothing properties since Cleopatra was a girl, and it is still contained in a wide variety of anti-inflammatory, calming, hydrating and refreshing products. These include aftersuns, body lotions, eye pads, skin fresheners and moisturisers as well as treatments for oily skin and tightening agents for sagging or stressed skin. Among many of the virtues are that it is cooling to delicate and inflamed skin, soothing, smoothing and refreshing.In China, the name for this plant is HUa Gua, where it is also known as “Grandmother’s Younger Face Slave”.
(CAS: 89998-01-6/EINECS: 289-738-4)
Cucurbita Pepo Seed OIl is the oil expressed from the seeds of the pumpkin, Pumpkin seed oil is a highly nourishing and lubricating oil, and is useful for all skin types where it is traditionally used to combat fine lines, superficial dryness. And to prevent moisture loss.
Traditional use: restores skin tissue, supports healing of skin wounds and sores, protects skin from UV damage and absorbs quickly into skin.
(CAS: 8016-49-7/EINECS: 289-741-0)
Carrot seed oil extracted from daucus carota of the Apiaceae family and it is also known as wild carrot and Queen Anne’s lace. This is the essential oil extracted from the seeds and should not be confused with macerated oil made. A source of beta-carotene and provitamin A. Natural colour and skin nutrient. Often used in sun care products. It accelerates the formation of tissue and contributes to an irreproachable skin epithelium. Preparations containing carrot oil are also suited to the care of ageing skin with its tendency to cornification (and incipient wrinkling). In the case of dry and scaly skin, carrot oil stimulates the production of sebum, but not to excess. The skin becomes soft and supple as a result. Carrot oil clears the complexion, it gradually dissolves the hardened (cornified) cores of blackheads. The carrot oil contains a-pinene, carotol, daucol, limonene, b-bisabolene, b-elemene, cs-b-bergamotene, geraniol, geranyl acetate, caryophyllene, caryophyllene oxide, asarone, alpha-terpineol, terpinen 4-ol, gamma-decanolactone, coumarin and béta-selinene among others.
(CAS: 8015-88-1/EINECS: not found)
Creatine. Glycine, N-(Aminoiminomethyl)-N-Methyl-. Creatine is naturally produced in the human body from amino acids primarily in the kidney and liver. It is transported in the blood for use by muscles. Approximately 95% of the human body's total creatine is located in skeletal muscle. Beiersdorf scientists show creatine benefits in anti-ageing and skin care products. A group of scientists from Beiersdorf Research and Development have completed research that states that the nitrogenous organic acid creatine could represent a beneficial active ingredient for topical use in the prevention and treatment of human skin ageing. Cutaneous aging is characterized by a decline in cellular energy metabolism, which is mainly caused by detrimental changes in mitochondrial function. The processes involved seem to be predominantly mediated by free radicals known to be generated by exogenous noxes, e.g., solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Basically, skin cells try to compensate any loss of mitochondrial energetic capacity by extra-mitochondrial pathways such as glycolysis or the creatine kinase (CK) system. Recent studies reported the presence of cytosolic and mitochondrial isoenzymes of CK, as well as a creatine transporter in human skin. In this study, we analyzed the cutaneous CK system, focusing on those cellular stressors known to play an important role in the process of skin aging. According to results, a stress-induced decline in mitochondrial energy supply in human epidermal cells correlated with a decrease in mitochondrial CK activity. In addition, the effects of creatine supplementation on human epidermal cells as a potential mechanism to reinforce the endogenous energy supply in skin. Exogenous creatine was taken up by keratinocytes and increased CK activity, mitochondrial function and protected against free oxygen radical stress. New data clearly indicate that human skin cells that are energetically recharged with the naturally occurring energy precursor, creatine, are markedly protected against a variety of cellular stress conditions, like oxidative and UV damage in vitro and in vivo. This may have further implications in modulating processes, which are involved in premature skin aging and skin damage.
Source: Dweck, Anthony. Handbook of Cosmetic Ingredients: - their use, safety and toxicology (Dweck Books 5)
Cucumis Sativus Seed Oil is the fixed oil expressed from the seeds of the cucumber, Cucumis sativus L., Cucurbitaceae. Sp.gr.: 0.922. Saponification value: 185. Iodine value: 125. Average carbon number: 17.9. Average molecular weight: 278.3. C14:0 0.1%; C16:0 11%; C16:1 0.5%;C17:0 0.05%; C18:0 7.5%; C18:1 17.0%; C18:2 64.0%;C18:3 0.5%; C20:1 0.05%; C22:2 0.1%. It also contains tocopherols 600-700ppm and phytosterols 4000-5000ppm. The seeds are rich in oil with a nutty flavour that is said to resemble olive oil and so is used in salad dressings and French cooking. The high levels of phytosterols should make it a useful ingredient in skin care products. It has been shown that phytosterols help the skin strengthen its lipid barrier and restores the moisture balance, smoothing the skin’s surface and improving skin elasticity. Phytosterols are also known to stimulate skin cells and encourage the regeneration of healthy skin cells. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) includes cucumber among the 20 most frequently consumed raw vegetables. Botanical and botanically derived ingredients used in the formulation of cosmetics are generally mild and safe. Prior to marketing the finished cosmetic product, the safety of each ingredient must be substantiated in accordance with 21 CFR 740.10. Safety substantiation of cosmetic ingredients may include tests for ocular and skin irritation as well as allergenicity, phototoxicity, photoallergenicity and mutagenicity, depending on the application or intended use. There is a considerable body of information about the safety of botanical ingredients and a well established history of use. These resources are consulted to ensure the safety of these materials as they are used in cosmetics.
Source: Dweck, Anthony. Handbook of Natural Ingredients (Dweck Books 4) . Dweck Data.
According to the European Commission Dir. 93/35/EEC, Art. 1, a cosmetic product is defined as ‘any substance or preparation intended to be placed in contact with the various parts of the human body (epidermis, hair system, nails, lips and external genital organs) or with the teeth and the mucous membranes of the oral cavity with a view exclusively or mainly to cleaning them, perfuming them, changing their appearance and/or correcting body odour and/or protecting them or keeping them in good condition’ [EU, 1993a].
This definition gives an indication on the target site of application of a cosmetic product and on its allowed functions [Colipa, 2004]. Thus, products such as skin creams, lotions, perfumes, lipsticks, fingernail polishes, eye and facial make-up preparations, soap products, shampoos, permanent waves, hair colours, toothpastes, deodorants, fall under the category of cosmetic products in the EU.
More questionable product types such as suntanning preparations, antiperspirants and antidandruff shampoos are also considered cosmetics within Europe, whereas this may differ in other parts of the world [Pauwels and Rogiers, 2004].
Source: Safety Assessment of Cosmetics in Europe - Vera Rogiers and Marleen Pauwels
According to the REGULATION (EC) No 1223/2009 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL a cosmetic products may include creams, emulsions, lotions,
gels and oils for the skin, face masks, tinted bases (liquids, pastes, powders), make-up powders, after-bath powders, hygienic powders, toilet soaps, deodorant soaps, perfumes, toilet waters and eau de Cologne, bath and shower preparations (salts, foams, oils, gels), depilatories, deodorants and anti-perspirants, hair colorants, products for waving, straightening and fixing hair, hair-setting products, haircleansing products (lotions, powders, shampoos), hairconditioning products (lotions, creams, oils), hairdressing products (lotions, lacquers, brilliantines), shaving products (creams, foams, lotions), make-up and products removing make-up, products intended for application to the lips, products for care of the teeth and the mouth, products for nail care and make-up, products for external intimate hygiene, sunbathing products, products for tanning without sun, skin-whitening products and anti-wrinkle products.
Cosing stands for Cosmetic ingredient database.
CosIng is the European Commission database for information on cosmetic substances and ingredients contained in the
- Cosmetics Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009EN of the European Parliament and of the Council
- Cosmetics Directive 76/768/EECEN (cosmetics directive), as amended
- Glossary of common ingredient names for the purpose of labelling cosmetic products placed on the market (as established by Decision (EU) 2019/701EN of 5 April 2019)
- Opinions on cosmetic ingredients of the Scientific Committee for Consumer Safety (list of SCCS opinions)
CAS, ELINCS or EINECS numbers can be searched for in CosIng.
The database includes all data since the adoption of the Cosmetics Directive in 1976. Current data is listed as 'active', while historical data is listed as 'not active'.
Please note that ingredient assigned with an INCI name that appears in the inventory section of CosIng does not mean it is to be used in cosmetic products nor approved for such use.
Concerning ingredients used in cosmetic products as colorants, preservatives and UV filters, only those authorised in Annexes IV, V, respectively VI to Cosmetic Regulation No 1223/2009 are listed in CosIng
CosIng may also list ingredients known to be used in medicinal products.
If, due to such ingredients, a product restores, corrects, or modifies physiological functions by exerting a pharmacological, immunological or metabolic action, the product shall be qualified as a medicinal product. However, products that, while having an effect on the human body, do not significantly affect the metabolism and thus do not strictly modify the way in which it functions, may be qualified as cosmetic products.
The qualification of a product is to be decided by the national competent authorities, under the supervision of the courts, on a case-by-case basis, taking into account all the characteristics of the product.
In addition, the use of any ingredient in cosmetic products must be supported by a safety assessment of the product.
Reference data:
- Regulations: List of European regulations amending the Cosmetics Regulation.
- Annexes: List of annexes to the Cosmetics Regulation.
- Functions: List and definitions of possible functions of ingredients used in cosmetic products as
provided in the inventory. - Abbreviations: List of standard abbreviations used in the INCI names.
The cosmetic products notification portal (CPNP) is a free of charge online notification system created for the implementation of Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009 on cosmetic products. When a product has been notified in the CPNP, there is no need for any further notification at national level within the EU.
Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009EN(Article 13) requires that the responsible persons and, under certain circumstances, the distributors of cosmetic products submit some information about the products they place or make available on the European market through the CPNP.
The CPNP is making this information available electronically to competent authorities (for the purposes of market surveillance, market analysis, evaluation and consumer information) poison centres or similar bodies established by EU countries (for the purposes of medical treatment)
The CPNP is accessible to
- Competent authorities
- European poison centres
- Cosmetic products responsible persons
- Distributors of cosmetic products
Products containing nanomaterials
The CPNP also contains a separate module (Article 16) for cosmetic products containing nanomaterials. This notification has to be done in addition to the notification under Article 13. If the European Commission has concerns regarding the safety of a nanomaterial, it may request the scientific committee on consumer safety to perform a risk assessment.
Carnauba wax is a secretion of the Brazilian palm Copernicia cerifera, which produces the wax in the cuticula of the fronds. The leaves are harvested from trees growing in the wild by cutting the leaves, drying them in the sun and threshing. Carnauba wax has an extremely narrow melting curve with a melting point of approximately 84°C. The wax, which exhibits high crystallinity and a high degree of contraction, is very hard and brittle. Carnauba wax also has highly favorable emulsification properties and an excellent capacity for binding ester oils and mineral oil. It raises the melting point of oil gels; therefore, carnauba wax is a preferred additive in lipsticks and lip balms, and is highly suitable for use in mascaras. It provides glossy and lustrous surfaces.
Source: Cosmetic Formulation Principles and Practice - Heather A.E. Benson, Michael S. Roberts, Vânia Rodrigues Leite-Silva, Kenneth A. Walters
Copper tripeptide-1 (Cu-GHK) was the first peptide used in cosmetics for skin application, and resemble the alpha chain of collagen.
This carrier peptide is very versatile concerning several skin functions, including stimulation of collagen, glycosaminoglycans, elastin and proteoglycans synthesis by fibroblasts, as well as anti-inflammatory response. Cu-GHK comprises numerous cosmetic applications, being used in products for its efficacy in reducing wrinkles, hyperpigmentation and photo damage, in stimulating keratinocyte proliferation and improving the skin barrier.
A study conducted by Huang et al., demonstrated that Cu-GHK when used with therapeutic light-emitting diode (light therapy to prevent aging and aid the healing process) led to an increase in pro collagen type I synthesis (about 230.0 %), as well as in basic fibroblast growth factor production (about 30.0 %). Therefore, it is concluded that Cu-GHK may be an ally in combating skin aging, since it promotes fibroblast growth and collagen synthesis, as well as epidermal repair.
Source: Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology - Anti-aging peptides for advanced skincare: Focus on nanodelivery systems
Colipa is the European trade association for cosmetic and personal care industry. Colipa represents the cosmetic industry at a national level where the association represents cosmetic and personal care manufacturers across Europe and beyond. The association represents a range number of innovative companies either directly or at national membership.
The need to have a product that is safe for the targeted group is important to both the producers and the consumers at large. Moreover, abiding by the set legislation in Europe requires that an umbrella body should be present to ensure quality. Individuals also like certified products that they feel safe when they use them. Over the last 50 years, Colipa has taken it on their shoulder it ensure consumers get the best product available on the market. During this period the organization has been the voice of cosmetic and personal care industry in Europe.
The association follows regulations set at the European level. As such the association in collaboration with other policymakers, it also makes sure that European regulation is as effective and appropriate as it could be. This makes our regulatory process understanding be not comparable to any other.
Source: www.colipa.eu
Citric Acid is one of the best known and most widely used fruit acids. Its counterpart is a “natural” for buffering cosmetic products to the pH of the skin (5.5, 6.0). It provides a major labelling advantage over hydrochloric acid or phosphoric acids. Citric acid is a very mild acid. At concentrations normally used in cosmetic applications it is non-irritating to the skin and practically odourless.The main commercial source is from the fermentation of crude molasses by strains of Aspergillus niger. It is employed in “artificial lemon” bleach creams and lotions, in hair rinses, bath salts, denture powders, tablets, mouthwashes, nail bleaches and some astringent lotions. A 7% aq. Solution of citric acid approximates to lemon juice but does not possess the vitamin C activity.
(CAS: 77-92-9/EINECS: 201-069-1)